CALR and neoplasm: These studies are the first to report (a) an evaluation of cardinal signs of ICD and immunogenic modulation following radiation of breast, lung, and prostate carcinoma cell lines, (b) the use of radiation to functionally increase expression of APM components in vitro and in vivo, and (c) the functional role of calreticulin cell-surface expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on IM and increased sensitivity to CTL killing of tumor cells that survive radiotherapy.