Similarly, another recent study using macrophage cell lines suggests that NRAMP1-mediated stimulation of the expression of lipocalin-2, an antimicrobial peptide that binds iron-loaded bacterial siderophores including enterobactin, is a novel mechanism by which NRAMP1 confers resistance to infection with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) (Fritsche et al., 2012). Here, LCN2 is linked to infection.