Moreover, results from studies examining the relationship between ELS and HPA axis indicate that ELS, in combination with the genetic background, seems to sensitize certain circuits in the brain and leads to persistent alterations in reactivity and sensitization of the HPA axis to subsequent stress, as reflected in an altered MR/GR balance that contributes to the risk for depression (53–56). This evidence concerns the gene NR3C1 and depressive symptom measurement.