Moreover, aldosterone has been shown to activate NHE-1, (De Giusti et al., 2011a) and to increase NHE-1 expression, inducing left ventricular hypertrophy (Karmazyn et al., 2003), independently from its classical effects on regulation of renal Na+ excretion and blood pressure (Qin et al., 2003; Yoshida et al., 2005; Diez, 2008). The gene discussed is SLC9A1; the disease is left ventricular hypertrophy.