Further chemokine gene expression studies in brains of ECM-susceptible mice confirmed that CXCL10, CXCL9 and CCL5 and to lesser extent CCL2, CCL7, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL2 are upregulated during infection with P. berghei ANKA (Hanum et al.2003; Campanella et al.2008; Miu et al.2008; Van den Steen et al.2008). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and infection.