CSF2 and neoplasm: MCS-GM-CSF + IL-18, MCS-IL-18 and MCS-GM-CSF vaccines showed an average tumor volume of 622.4 ± 472.9 mm3 (p < 0.01), 1617.8 ± 308.7 mm3 (p = 0.017) and 1614.1 ± 512.7 mm3 (p = 0.011), respectively, showing 80.3% (MCS-GM-CSF + IL-18), 48.7% (MCS-IL-18) and 48.8% (MCS-GM-CSF) tumor growth inhibition compared with LL/2 control group (3153.7 ± 411.1 mm3) (Figure 3B).