CSF2 and neoplasm: MCS-GM-CSF + IL-18, MCS-IL-18 and MCS-GM-CSF vaccines showed an average tumor volume of 180.6 ± 34.2 mm3 (p < 0.01), 818.6 ± 87.9 mm3 (p = 0.042) and 785.3 ± 91.8 mm3 (p = 0.041), respectively, showing 84.8% (MCS-GM-CSF + IL-18), 31.3% (MCS-IL-18) and 34.1% (MCS-GM-CSF) tumor growth inhibition compared with LL/2 control group (1191.7 ± 173.7 mm3) (Figure 2B).