Table 1 summarizes subjects’ demographics and clinical characteristics by groups overall and in males and females separately. Among all subjects, those in the obesity group had significantly higher TC, TG, LDL-C, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05) than the control group. When males and females were analyzed separately, obese girls had significantly higher LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, and apelin-12 than controls; obese boys had significantly higher TC, TG, insulin, and HOMA-IR than controls. No significant differences were found in apelin-12 levels between obese and non-obese groups. (Table 1). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.