Key cytokines observed in serum and the pancreas during AP, include the interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor (sTNFr); furthermore, serum levels correlate with disease severity (Mayer et al., 2000; Fisic et al., 2013). Here, TNF is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.