PTPRR and colonic neoplasm: PTPRs (Table 1e) regulate GF signaling through reversible protein tyrosine dephosphorylation.72PTPRT (90th/20th, 8.57) was implicated in ASD by a deletion73 (Table S2 AU018704) and a somatic mutation.74 It is the PTPR most frequently mutated in colon cancer, where all five missense mutations identified reduced phosphatase activity.75PTPRD (519th/84th, 7.26), for which rare CNVs were previously reported,14 and its ligand76IL1RAPL2 (10th in AGP II), which is associated with X-linked non-syndromic mental retardation, are also implicated.