In a small randomized trial among patients with colorectal adenoma, 800 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation for over six months only non-significantly decreased TNFα by 13% [9]; while in two earlier small trials among patients with congestive heart failure or ambulatory adults, 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 had no effect on circulating levels of TNFα [8,24]. Here, TNF is linked to colorectal adenoma.