TNF and neoplasm: This was likely due to the different experimental schedules between these experiments, where the readout of vascular permeability was assessed 2 h after a single treatment of RGD-rmhTNF-α, while the antitumor readout of tumor growth was assessed after repeated treatments of RGD-rmhTNF-α over a nearly 2-week period, which might have allowed for other functions of TNF-α to occur that might have diminished the enhanced efficacy of doxorubicin.