Although short-term adenoviral APN expression inhibited atherosclerosis [36], subsequent studies by Nawrocki et al. found that neither APN-deficiency nor APN overexpression affected atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice fed a low-fat or high-fat diet as well as in APN-deficient ApoE mice [37]. The gene discussed is ANPEP; the disease is atherosclerosis.