Previous candidate gene studies associated a number of immune system genes with otitis media, which included TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Tlr4, surfactant, CD14, FcγRIIa, IFNγ, Eya4, p73, MyD88, Fas, E2f4, Plg, Fbxo11, and Evi1 [59]. Here, TNF is linked to otitis media.