HPSE and atherosclerosis: Upregulation of heparanase was reported in different inflammatory and autoimmune conditions including, among others, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) [40], graft vs. host disease (GVHD) [41], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [39], rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [42], type 1 diabetes [43], atherosclerosis [16], [44] and sepsis [45].