TLR4 and colitis: [20] Interestingly, abrogation of the LPS-TLR-4 signaling in these mice was associated with a decreased transcription of IL-6 in Kupffer cells and markedly attenuated liver injury. Furthermore, animal studies found that genetically susceptible IL-10 -/- knockout mice are protected against chronic intestinal inflammation in the absence of TLR-4 but develop colitis in the absence of TLR-2.[21] Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of TLRs and their role in mediating progressive liver disease and intestinal inflammation.