However, given the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptors on CSCs [7] and non-involvement in anoikis resistance [19], we hypothesize that nonVEGF-receptors comprise the common receptor system involved in tumor progression paradigms, CSC-vascularization interactions [20], [21] and CSC-microvascular niche [22] – such as the dual endothelin-1/VEGF-signal peptide receptor, DEspR [22], localized to human chromosome 4q31.2 (Figure S1A) with gene name, Dear, GenBank accession EF212178. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.