The effect of HCV-core in cytokine expression has already been reported by us and others in tumor cell lines, thus HCV-core transduced CD4+ Jurkat cells show an “anergic-like” phenotype characterized by a decrease in IL-2 production upon stimulation, increase in IL-10 production [21], [37] and upregulation of anergy associated genes [36] as previously described in mouse [96]. Here, IL2 is linked to neoplasm.