The infection-induced elevation in HIF-1α expression was abolished completely in mice that received Cl2MDP identifying recruited macrophages as the source of newly expressed HIF-1α Figure 5C) The observed increase in the expression of HIF-1α-induced GLUT1 in captured (LCM) epithelial cells in response to infection can be attributed to the effects of HIF-1α in epithelial cells (Figure 4C). Here, HIF1A is linked to infection.