We also examined the effect of folic acid supplementation on proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (PARP, caspase-3, BAX, BCL-2, and BCL-XL), and mammary carcinogenesis (ERα and HER2) by determining the expression of several proteins involved in these processes in carefully selected representative sentinel adenocarcinomas from each diet group. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is adenocarcinoma.