The preservation of residual beta cell mass and, in some instances, the temporary withdrawal of insulin treatment in new onset T1D subjects, believed to be due to the rebalancing of the Foxp3+ T-cell∶effector T-cell population following the depletion of T-cells using a CD3-targeting antibody, is one of the modern examples where restoration of peripheral tolerance was successfully, even though transiently, achieved [17], [18], [19]. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.