While direct infusion of NGF has had complications, a clinical trial of eight AD patients utilizing autologous fibroblasts, engineered to express NGF, were transplanted into the nucleus basalis of Meynert which produced NGF expression in grafts, a reduced decline or improvement of Mini-Mental Status Examination scores, a reduced decline of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subcomponent, and an increase in glucose activity in several areas receiving cholengergic input from transplant site [177]. This evidence concerns the gene NGF and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.