GSR and muscle atrophy: Atrogin 1 (Fbxo32) 16, muscle RING finger‐1 (MuRF1) 16, metallothionein 1 (Mt1) 24, metallothionein 2 (Mt2) 24 and glutathione reductase (Gsr) 25 have all been shown to be upregulated in conditions of muscle atrophy, whereas muscular chloride channel 1 (Clc1) has been shown to be downregulated in muscle disorders, including SMA 26.