The interaction of MΦs, one of the key elements involved in immunity to TB, with various mycobacterial strains is known to ensue in the differential induction and elaboration of several pro-inflammatory [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor (CSF; GM-CSF), granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF)] and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is tuberculosis.