The relevance for IFN-I-induced p53 activation for viral infections was highlighted by Vilček, who postulated that IFN-I-mediated activation of the STAT1-STAT2-IRF-9 complex (ISGF-3) during viral infection may promote p53 gene expression via two ISRE sites in the p53 gene promoter [83]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT1 and viral infectious disease.