Thus the AF-albumin burden for the high level exposures in the 6–9-year-old Gambians [95] and the 1–5-year-old Beninese [102, 103] would be in the region of 100 to 1000 times higher than that typically seen in the USA and/or Canada, a low risk world region. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.