Ten patients with NMO/NMOSD had short cord lesions < 3 vertebral segments at onset of disease, and in these patients, close evaluation of their clinical scenario, CSF studies, anti-AQP4 antibody status, and, persistently absent or atypical brain lesions for MS should alert the clinician of the suspicion of NMO/NMOSD. Here, AQP4 is linked to neuromyelitis optica.