Although serum leptin has been linked to proinflammatory cytokines [5, 6] and enhanced productions of proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders [11, 35, 36], we found an association between hyperleptinemia and risk of metabolic syndrome independent of proinflammatory cytokines among women. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is Other metabolic disease.