IL18 and Sepsis: Moreover, P2X7 plays an important role in various inflammatory diseases by producing proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) via the activation of caspase-1 [52], [53], [54], and now regarded as a novel target for the sepsis treatment, since the blockage of P2X7 by an antagonist increases the survival of E. coli induced-septic models [55].