GREM1 and neoplasm: Cox proportional-hazards regression for hypermethylation of these 4 genes demonstrated that 3 genes represented statistically significant indicators of survival, but were all less significant than tumor stage; SFRP1 (p = 0.036, HR = 1.92, CI = 1.05–3.50), GREM1 (p = 0.007, HR = 3.05, CI = 1.36–6.86) and BNC1 (p = 0.033, HR = 1.99, CI = 1.06–3.75) (Table S9 in File S1).