ART will be offered universally (regardless of CD4 count) in arm A and according to national guidelines (currently CD4<350 cell count per μL of peripheral blood) in arm B. Arm C will serve as a control arm with health system strengthening activities to ensure that standard of care services (voluntary testing and counseling, male circumcision, PMTCT, treatment of STIs, and ART for HIV positive individuals) are delivered according to national guidelines. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is sexually transmitted disease.