IFNG and Opportunistic infection: IFNγ has been used as adjunctive immunotherapy with or without ART for the treatment of HIV-associated opportunistic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis (61–63), Pneumocystis carinii (64, 65), Toxoplasma gondii (65), Candida albicans (64, 65), Mycobacterium avium (65, 66), and visceral leishmaniasis (65, 67).