Polyfunctional T cells, which are involved in controlling HIV-1 load, express IFNγ in addition to other cytokines and cytotoxins (48, 49, 81–84) particularly in a combination of IFNγ with perforin, IL-2, TNFα, or granzyme B. These T cells are thought to be important in the control of HIV-1 infection in HIV+ LTSs and ECs (46, 81, 82). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is HIV-1 infection.