In the univariate survival analyses (see Table 2), the hazard ratios (HR) revealed that use of HAART, higher CD4+ cell counts, menopause, increased duration of HIV infection, and increased age were associated with a decreased hazard of progression to SILs while increased viral load and being a current smoker versus a former smoker were associated with an increased hazard ratio; IV drug use was highly suggestive of a greater hazard of progression. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and HIV infectious disease.