CX3CR1 and ischemia: Our results showed significant main effect of ischemia (F(3,36) = 8.02, P <0.05) as well as a significant main effect of CX3CR1 (F(3,36) = 8.75, P <0.05) in that ischemic rats demonstrate significantly increased mean swim latency exacerbated by CX3CR1 deficiency; and silencing of CX3CR1 function in the sham animals also resulted in longer mean swim latency (Figure 6D).