PPARGC1A and infection: Similarly, in cultured differentiated primary myotubes, infection with recombinant PGC-1α adenovirus (Ad-PGC-1α) increased expression of both NMJ genes and ox-phos genes, while infection with recombinant PGC-1β (Ad-PGC-1β) induced only ox-phos genes and had no effect on NMJ genes (Figure 1D).