In particular, uridine diphospho-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a glycogen synthesizing enzyme [37], alpha-crystallin B, which is a cardioprotective small heat shock protein [38], aconitate hydratase, a mitochondrial enzyme of citric acid cycle that is increased in cardiomyocytes exposed to intermittent hypoxia [39] and to increased pre-load [40], were significantly up-regulated in the DCM myocardium as compared with ICM hearts. The gene discussed is CRYAB; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.