Of interest, patient II-1, who underwent surgery for an Arnold-Chiari malformation and has a son with autism (who was not affected by dystonia and was not tested for ANO3 mutations), had a previous termination of pregnancy due to anencephaly of the fetus and has a nephew from her affected sister with agenesis of the corpus callosum (who was not tested for ANO3 mutations). This evidence concerns the gene ANO3 and autism.