INS and diabetes mellitus: In additional analyses among women not taking diabetes medications (n = 7,192– 7,396, depending on outcome), earlier menarche [< 11 years vs. 13-14 years (referent)] was associated with higher % A1C (p < 0.001), modestly associated with higher insulin concentrations (p = 0.07) and 2-hour post load glucose (p = 0.09; only analyzed in 7,100 women without previously diagnosed diabetes), but was not associated with fasting glucose (p = 0.68) (Table 3).