Some studies suggested that PAI-1 may play a role in atherogenesis due to increased PAI-1 expression, which has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques.38 Lima et al. reported that plasma PAI-1 activity was higher in carriers of the 4G/4G genotype and this was correlated with atherosclerotic heart disease, as determined by coronary angiography.39 The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is carotid atherosclerosis.