One possible approach to treating CF-associated autophagy defects with the aim of improving pathogen clearance and decreasing inflammation in the airways is to employ potent autophagy inducers in an attempt to force newly translated BECN1 into an active PtdIns3K complex before it can be functionally sequestered into HDAC6-positive aggresomes by aberrant TGM2 activity. The gene discussed is HDAC6; the disease is cystic fibrosis.