IL4 and infection: Although the lack of ex vivo phenotyping data from BCG-only infected mice is a weakness in this infection protocol, co-infected mice displayed a significant reduction in E/S-specific TH1 and TH2 cytokine responses in the spleen, and significantly reduced IL-4 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes when compared to T. muris-only infected mice.