Mutations associated with microbleeds in familial conditions include NOTCH-3 in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (53), APP E693Q and D694N in Dutch-type (40, 54) or Iowa-type (55) CAA, and APP and presenilin mutations in familial AD (56, 57). Here, APP is linked to CADASIL.