HRAS and cancer: Of the ten putative targets in the first route, EGFR9, 37, ERBB238, 39, BRAF40 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1, also known as ERK2)41, 42 were known primary anti-tumor targets of several marketing drugs; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRAS), protein kinase C, beta (PRKCB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) were research targets for countermining cancers; SOS1 and MAPK2K2 were putative targets that haven't been reported for cancer therapy yet.