MAPT and Alzheimer disease: The scale of this task is significant because recent studies have identified 45 distinct sites that are phosphorylated on Tau from AD brains compared with only 17 from healthy brains, with many different kinases capable of phosphorylating Tau in vitro (Morishima-Kawashima et al., 1995; Hanger et al., 1998; Hanger et al., 2007; Hanger et al., 2009; Lebouvier et al., 2009).