NFKB1 and endothelial dysfunction: Since the AGEs activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), transcription factors, which upregulates the expression of genes involved in vascular injury and endothelial dysfunction, in microvascular endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis, lowing the AGEs may contribute to ameliorating diabetic vasculopathy [20,28-30].