STAT3 and cancer: For example, activated Stat3 has been showed to promote cell proliferation and prevent apoptosis in human cancer cells by effecting misregulation of key proteins, including cell survival proteins [e.g., Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL], inducers of angiogenesis such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cell cycle regulators (e.g., cyclin D1/D2 and c-myc) [14]–[17].