We showed that the development of primary tumor could be completely inhibited, with a clear benefit of long term tumor-free survival, by the treatment of CY + anti-TGFβ (1,2,3) antibody (1D11) (Fig 2), while treatment with CY + anti-TGFβ receptor II antibody only resulted in a partial inhibition [40]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.