Both IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells and IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells were present at higher frequencies among children with a higher prior incidence of malaria (≥2 episodes ppy) than among those with a lower prior incidence (<2 episodes ppy, P<0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively, Fig. 2a). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and malaria.