TNF and malaria: In univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis evaluating time to next episode of malaria, a higher frequency of CD4+ T cells producing any IFNγ or IL10, or the combinations IFNγ+/IL-10+/TNFα− and IFNγ−/IL-10+/TNFα− was associated with a significantly increased hazard of malaria (Table 2, left columns).