While the data above demonstrate that there is a strong relationship between the functional phenotype of malaria-specific CD4+ T cells and prior malaria history, we wished to determine whether this phenotype was influenced by the time elapsed since the most recent malaria episode, the cumulative number of prior malaria episodes, or both, as these parameters are both logically and statistically related (Spearman's Rho = −0.46, P<0.001). Here, CD4 is linked to malaria.