TXN and viral infectious disease: Interestingly Trx is highly expressed in human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-transformed cell lines (ATL model cell line), whereas the Txnip expression is lost in HTLV-I-positive, interleukin-2-independent T cell lines but not in HTLV-I-negative T cell lines (37, 80, 81), suggesting a role for Trx1/Txnip in virus infection, prevention, and inflammation.