INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We reported that Txnip is more abundantly expressed in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle, adipose, and kidney of leptin deficient ob/ob mice (T2DM model) compared with WT control mice and Txnip deletion in ob/ob mice (T2DM model) dramatically improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and β-cell insulin secretion function and survival (28).