NLRP3 and colitis: Several examples have been described: decreased NLRP3 expression and defective NOD2 have been associated with Crohn’s disease, in which the microbiota is believed to contribute to the intestinal inflammation (10, 228, 229); NLRP3 and NLRP6 deficiency lead to a high susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis (54, 230) and NLRP6 was shown to impact the composition of the microbiota leading to an intestinal dysbiosis that resulted in spontaneous intestinal inflammation (54).