Several examples have been described: decreased NLRP3 expression and defective NOD2 have been associated with Crohn’s disease, in which the microbiota is believed to contribute to the intestinal inflammation (10, 228, 229); NLRP3 and NLRP6 deficiency lead to a high susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis (54, 230) and NLRP6 was shown to impact the composition of the microbiota leading to an intestinal dysbiosis that resulted in spontaneous intestinal inflammation (54). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Crohn disease.