Recent studies have shown that downregulation of the PAT proteins results in abnormal lipid droplet metabolism and accumulation, which leads to the development of insulin resistance in obesity.45 ATP synthase is also known to be intimately associated with lipid metabolism.46, 47, 48, 49 Accordingly, LPS-downregulated expression of TIP47 and ATP synthase demonstrates that LPS induces inflammation by affecting the inflammatory signaling substances such as ROI and NO, as well as by inducing alterations in lipid metabolism. Here, PLIN3 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.